At what point does one stops learning? After acquiring certain degrees? After practically testing a theory multiple times, and getting same outcomes? I do not know for certain. But what i do know is, no one is right at all time.

The human knowledge and experience, are based on subjectivity. This only means most of what we call truth, are based on our personal human biases, and limitations.

The difference between deductive knowledge and induction knowledge.

Deductive knowledge is a type of knowledge, and information that is derived from deductive reasoning. This involves, starting from the general principles, and logically applying it to reach a certain conclusion. If the premises are true, and the reasoning is valid, then the conclusion must also be true.

Example of a deductive reasoning

All men are mortal. —first premise.

Michael is a man. —second premise.

Therefore Michael is mortal. —conclusion.

Inductive knowledge is a type of knowledge, and information that is derived from inductive reasoning. This involves making generalizations based on specific observations or experiences. Unlike deductive reasoning, the conclusions in inductive reasoning are not guaranteed to be certain, but they are probable and based on patterns or evidence.

Example of an inductive reasoning

Every swan i have ever seen are white. —first premise.

Every swans in my neighborhood are white. —second premise.

Every swans in photos, on television, and documentaries are white. —third premise.

Therefore all swans are white. —conclusion.

The above argument shatters the day one finds a black swan. Unlike deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning only takes the observations, and outcomes of a few, to generalize the whole. this is a logical fallacy called “hasty generalization”.

Most of that which we call knowledge today are based on repeated observations, which are not guaranteed to be true. Even scientific experiments are based on inductive reasoning. This is why science is based on ignorance, and not certainty.

A wise man is one who lives his daily life, knowing he doesn’t know anything, hence always striving to know. The day one stops learning is the day their soul dies.

©️ Victor E. Ojei, 2025.

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